CiCC
There are currently 95 CiCC in this directory beginning with the letter E.
E
e 2.718
Euler's number: A mathematical constant representing the base of the natural logarithm, approximately equal to 2.71828.
E-SAP
Electronic System Application and Products: An integrated software solution provided by SAP for enterprise resource planning (ERP) and management.
EA
European Co-operation for Accreditation, Paris. Independent, nonprofit organization that in particular represents the interests of the European accreditation bodies.
Early Equipment Maintenance (TPM)
A Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) strategy focusing on maintaining and preserving equipment reliability from the beginning of its lifecycle.
EC
Engineering Change: Modification or alteration made to engineering designs, processes, or documentation.
ECRS
Employee Continuous Reinvestment and Satisfaction: A strategy or initiative focused on continuous development and satisfaction of employees.
Education And Training (TPM)
Training initiatives or programs within Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) strategies focusing on skill development and knowledge enhancement for employees.
EEM
Early Equipment Maintenance: A maintenance strategy focusing on early interventions to maintain equipment reliability and prevent failures.
Effect
Effect: The result of an action being taken; the expected or predicted impact when an action is to be taken or is proposed.
Effectiveness
Effectiveness: 1) The state of having produced a decided upon or desired effect. 2) A measure of the appropriateness of the goals chosen and the degree to which they are achieved.
Efficiency
Efficiency: The state of being efficient (see entry). Also the ratio of the useful work performed in a process to the total resources required.
EffM
Effectiveness Measurement: A systematic method or approach to measure the efficiency or effectiveness of processes or operations.
EFQM
Former European Foundation for Quality Management with headquarters in Brussels. The EFQM was established in 1988 and today is a non-profit organization for business excellence with more than 600 member companies in around 40 countries. The objective is to provide the member companies with information about business excellence and to strengthen the networking of the companies. In 1991 the EFQM established the prestigious EFQM Excellence Award. The EFQM presents this quality award annually to companies that achieve outstanding results. The EFQM is furthermore the guardian of the EFQM model, which serves as a guideline to help companies succeed on the markets and also to measure this success. www.efqm.org
EFQM Excellence Award
European quality prize that the EFQM has awarded to companies annually since 1991 as the highest recognition for outstanding achievements and excellence. The companies are rated on a system with a possible 1000 points which is divided into the nine categories: Leadership; Strategy; Employees; Partnerships/resources; Processes, Products & Services; Customer-related results; Employee-related results; Society-related results; and Key performance results.
Eight disciplines (8D) model
Eight disciplines (8D) model: A problem-solving approach to identify, correct and eliminate recurring problems.
Eight Pillars Of TPM
The fundamental principles or categories forming the basis of Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) initiatives in manufacturing and maintenance.
Eight wastes
Eight wastes: Taiichi Ohno originally enumerated seven wastes (muda) and later added underutilized people as the eighth waste commonly found in physical production. The eight are: 1) overproduction ahead of demand; 2) waiting for the next process, worker, material or equipment; 3) unnecessary transport of materials (for example, between functional areas of facilities, or to or from a stockroom or warehouse); 4) over-processing of parts due to poor tool and product design; 5) inventories more than the absolute minimum; 6) unnecessary movement by employees during the course of their work (such as to look for parts, tools, prints or help); 7) production of defective parts; 8) under-utilization of employees brainpower, skills, experience and talents.
Eighty-twenty (80-20)
Eighty-twenty (80-20): A term referring to the Pareto principle, which was first defined by Joseph M. Juran in 1950. The principle suggests most effects come from relatively few causes; that is, 80% of the effects come from 20% of the possible causes. Also see Pareto chart.
Elapsed Time
The total time or duration passed from the start of a process or event until its completion or the current time.
Electric data interchange (EDI)
Electric data interchange (EDI): The electronic exchange of data from customers to suppliers and from suppliers to customers.
EMAS
Eco Management and Audit Scheme. Requirements to be met by companies that voluntarily participate in a European Community system for environmental management and the internal environmental audit. A procedure that applies throughout Europe with the objective of continual improvement of the companys environmental protection. Regulation (EC) No. 1221/2009 forms the basis.
Embedded Graph Editor
Graphical editing tool or software integrated within a system or application for creating or modifying visual representations or graphs.
Empirical CDF
Empirical Cumulative Distribution Function: A statistical tool representing the cumulative distribution function derived from observed data.
Employee empowerment (EE)
Employee empowerment (EE): A condition whereby employees have the authority to make decisions and take action in their work areas, within stated bounds, without prior approval.
Employee focus
Basic attitude in an organization that is focused on considering each individual employee as a significant potential for solving problems and contributing creativity and on treating each employee accordingly. Management is responsible for creating an environment in which people can develop their abilities and consequently contribute to value creation in the company. Employees should be included in structuring the processes in order that they can release their potential and contribute their abilities. The objective is to use the employees know-how for continual improvement (CIP) of all processes with regard to quality and productivity. (See Quality management principles).
Employee involvement (EI)
Employee involvement (EI): An organizational practice whereby employees regularly participate in making decisions on how their work areas operate, including suggestions for improvement, planning, goal setting and monitoring performance.
Employee suggestion plan
Instrument for encouraging the capacity and willingness for innovation in a companys employees. In many instances cash and other awards are given as an incentive for employees to submit improvement suggestions. This instrument is primarily used in order to achieve innovations in products and processes in small steps, to encourage employee motivation and development, and to make a positive contribution to a goal-oriented corporate culture and culture of innovation. Employee suggestion plans have a long tradition in Germany. The idea was mentioned for the first time in a general regulation at the company Krupp in Essen in 1872.
Employee Turnover Rate
A metric indicating the rate or frequency at which employees leave an organization or company within a specific period.
Empowerment
Transfer of competencies and assignments previously reserved for managers to employees. This can improve employee and customer satisfaction.
EN 46000
EN 46000: A European quality management system standard for the medical device industry. Technically equivalent to ISO 13485:1996, an international medical device standard.
EN 9100
EN 9100: A European quality management standard for the aerospace industry. Considered the technical equivalent of AS9100.
Endangering analysis
A procedure stipulated in the framework of European directives and the national legislation on occupational health and safety based on these directives that forms the foundation of endangering judgment. Endangering analyses determine possible hazards and are to be conducted in according with the Arbeitsschutzgesetz [Occupational Health and Safety Act] or where appropriate in accordance with the Biostoffverordnung [Biomaterial Regulation] and the Gefahrstoffverordnung [Hazardous Substances Ordinance].
Endangering judgment
An evaluation required pursuant to Section 5 Arbeitsschutzgesetz [German Occupational Health and Safety Act] of the hazards for the employees associated with their work and the determination of required occupational health and safety measures. Each workplace is to be assessed in accordance with the legal specifications. There has also been an obligation to provide documentation since 1997. The judgment is often made according to typified workplaces (chemical or physical laboratory, mechanical workshop, etc.) and includes the assignment to endangering classes.
Energy Costs per Unit
The expenditure or cost incurred per unit of energy consumed in a system, operation, or process, often used in cost analysis or efficiency assessment.
Environment
The environment, both natural and as changed by people, in which an organization or company is active (air, water, soil, flora, fauna, and natural resources).
Environmental management
All planning and actions that concern the dealings with the natural environment characterized by environmental protection affairs and perspectives. Environmental protection is law at the national level and is standardized in the framework of European directives and international agreements. Environmental management today therefore primarily includes the fulfillment of numerous requirements and conditions. Newer management theory also defines environmental management as the analysis, control, and planning of all external relations of the company as a system.
Environmental management system
Environmental management system: A set of processes and practices that enable an organization to reduce its environmental impacts and promote environmental sustainability.
EOQ
European Organization for Quality, Brussels. European (non-profit) organization with the objective of effective improvement in the quality management area. The EOQ sees itself as a coordinating body for its member organizations. It was founded in 1956 and currently has 30 national European quality organizations, institutions, companies and individual people from all around the world. www.eoq.org
EPA model
Enterprise Process Architecture: Reference model for processoriented, service-based company architectures. This model is used to analyze different approaches to integration and to transfer them into a uniform model.
EPM
Enterprise Performance Management: Strategies or methodologies focused on managing and improving organizational performance across various domains.
Equipment availability
Equipment availability: The percentage of time during which a process (or equipment) is available to run. This can sometimes be called uptime. To calculate operational availability, divide the machines operating time during the process by the net available time (production time / potential production time) x 100.
ERP
Enterprise Resource Planning. ERP characterizes a companys task to use resources in the company efficiently for business operations. ERP systems consist of complex application software to support resource planning.
Error
Inaccuracy, deviation, or mistake in data, measurement, process, or system performance leading to undesired outcomes or deviations from expectations.
Error detection
Error detection: A hybrid form of error proofing. It means a bad part can be made but will be caught immediately, and corrective action will be taken to prevent another bad part from being produced. A device is used to detect and stop the process when a bad part is made. This is used when error proofing is too expensive or not easily implemented.
Error Detection Device
A device or tool integrated into a system or process to identify or flag errors or anomalies for corrective actions.
Error margin
Limiting amounts of deviations for errors of measurement in the measuring instrument. (On the basis of DIN 1319-1)
Error of measurement
Deviation of the (uncorrected) measurement result from the reference value, where this can be the true value, the correct value or the expected value, depending on the definition or agreement.
Error proofing
Error proofing: Improving designs to prevent mistakes from being made. Contrasted with mistake proofing, which is improving processes to prevent mistakes from being made or passed downstream. Some consider the terms to be synonymous, however, and applicable to both products and processes.
Error Proofing Device
A device or mechanism incorporated into a system or process to prevent or minimize errors, defects, or mistakes automatically.
Estimated Variance Component
An estimation or calculation indicating the variance within a dataset or model attributed to specific factors or sources.
Estimation Method
A systematic approach or technique used to estimate or predict unknown quantities or parameters based on available data or information.
Estimator
Characteristic used to estimate a probability distribution parameter. (On the basis of DGQ Volume 11-04:2012)
Ethics
Ethics: The practice of applying a code of conduct based on moral principles to day-to-day actions to balance what is fair to individuals or organizations with what is right for society.
European Cooperation for Accreditation (EA)
European Cooperation for Accreditation (EA): A cooperative organization of accreditation bodies.
European Quality Award
The European Quality Award was renamed the EFQM Excellence Award (EEA) in 2006. See EEA.
Event Plot
A graphical representation or visualization displaying events or occurrences over time, often used in process analysis or monitoring.
Event Probability
The likelihood or chance of a specific event or outcome occurring, expressed as a numerical value between 0 and 1.
Evidence
Objective evidence: Data which confirm the existence or truth of something. (On the basis of ISO 9000:2015)
Evidence-based decision making
You can find out more about this in the Quality management principles.
EVOP
Evolutionary Operation of Processes. Analysis of process data with small dispersions within the parameters (variant of DoE).
EWMA Chart
Exponentially Weighted Moving Average Chart: A control chart used to monitor processes by detecting subtle shifts or changes in data.
Excellence models
The approaches to quality management systems on the basis of the ISO 9000 family of standards and the excellence models for organizations are based on common principles. Both approaches allow an organization to identify its strengths and weaknesses. They furthermore contain possibilities for evaluation using general models, offer a basis for continual improvement, and allow external recognition.
Exemplar Global
Exemplar Global: A U.S. certification body for personnel certification or training course certification.
Expectation
For discrete variates, the sum of the products of all numerical values xi of the variate X and of the associated probabilities pi; for continuous variates the corresponding integral.
Expectations
Expectations: The act or state of expecting. To wait in expectation of, or looking forward or anticipating. Also, customers perceptions about how an organizations products and services will meet their specific needs and requirements.
Expected Performance
The anticipated or predicted level of performance or output based on calculations, models, or prior data analysis.
Experiment Design
The planning or arrangement of factors and variables in a structured manner to conduct experiments or studies to analyze their effects.
Experimental design
Experimental design: In quality management, a plan for conducting an experiment that includes considerations such as which conditions, factors, responses, tools and treatments are to be included or used.
Expo
An abbreviation for "Exponential" commonly used in statistical or mathematical contexts representing exponential distributions or functions.
Exponential Distribution
A probability distribution describing the time between events in a Poisson process or the decay of a quantity over time.
External customer
External customer: A person or organization that receives a product, service or information but is not part of the organization supplying it. Also see internal customer.
External failure
External failure: A nonconformance identified by a source outside of the producing organization. Discovered after a product or service has been passed downstream, for example, to users or customers.
External setup
External setup: Setup procedures that can be performed safely while machines or equipment are in motion. Also known as outer exchange of die. Also see internal setup.
External Stakeholders
Individuals, groups, or entities outside an organization having an interest, influence, or stake in the organization's decisions or outcomes.
External Work
Activities, tasks, or operations outsourced or performed by external contractors or parties outside an organization.
Externally provided processes
Selected processes or parts of processes which the organization does not execute itself but are externally provided. These processes are characterized by being required by the quality management system. The organization remains responsible for the output of these processes. It is up to the organization to control externally provided processes to make sure that they fulfill such requirements. (See also ISO 9001:2015)
Extra-Processing
Additional or unnecessary steps, operations, or activities in a process or operation that do not add value or contribute to the end product or service.